Growing vegetables and fruits year-round in your desert garden is not as difficult as
you may think it is. Choosing the proper cultivars and varieties is the first step to a
successful garden. Part of the fun is figuring out what tastes best.
We have two main gardening seasons here in the desert: spring and fall. With a
little effort, these seasons can be extended, and you can potentially be growing in
your garden year-round. Light and temperature are important factors in determining
what, when, and where to plant. Choose quick-maturing varieties to plant. For
spring crops, this allows them to mature before the wicked summer heat hits. For
cool season crops, this allows a succession of plantings to stretch out your harvest.
Summer vegetable gardening is only limited by temperatures greater than one
hundred degrees. These temperatures make pollen infertile and cause flowers and
fruit to abort on most tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers. Other plants, including
melons, squash, and okra, will thrive in such temperatures. When looking at seed
packets or plant labels, if it says “full sun location,” translate that into “afternoon
shade is helpful” for summer crops. For many vegetables, light afternoon shade
or all-day filtered sun is beneficial or necessary in the summer. Others prefer and
thrive in full sun.
Soil Considerations
Our desert soils are typically low in organic matter. Because of this and the typical
alkaline nature of our soils, nutrients aren’t always readily available for plant
uptake. For successful vegetable gardening, soils need organic matter added to
them regularly. For preparation of a new garden bed, a six- to eight-inch layer of
compost worked into the soil provides good organic matter, enhancing the soil
structure. For optimal root development, the soil should be worked to a depth of
about eighteen inches. This will accommodate the root system of just about any
vegetable you will want to grow.
Water
Deep watering is essential here in the desert. Plants need a
deep, healthy root system to survive our grueling summers.
Deep watering also leeches harmful salts down below the root
zone of the plants. Drip and flood irrigation are well-suited to our
conditions. Application of water on the soil surface can prevent
accumulation of salts on foliage. A drip system should have a
designated valve for your vegetables to allow for best scheduling.
Regularly adjust the watering schedule through the seasons.
Take advantage of rainwater! Skip watering for a cycle after
a good rain. Learn to recognize the difference between heat
stress and water stress. With water stress, there is not enough
moisture available in the soil for the plants to absorb. When this
happens, more water is needed right away. With heat stress,
there is adequate water available to the plant, but transpiration
(loss of moisture) exceeds the root system’s ability to take up
moisture, so the foliage wilts in the hot dry air. Provide top mulch
and shade. Adding more water may cause the roots
to rot. Mulching around your plants during the hot
months helps maintain moisture and keep the root
systems cooler.
Fertilizer
Use fertilizers according to the plant needs. Usually fertilizers aren’t necessary once the plant begins setting fruit. Keeping the organic content of the soil at a good level will enhance the action of the fertilizers and over time, will supply small amounts of nutrients into the soil so less fertilizer is needed.
Fertilizer packaging usually has three or four numbers that give
the percentages of actual forms of nutrients in the bag. For
example, 12-10-3-5 suggests that the fertilizer bag is 12 percent
nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorus, 3 percent potassium, and 5
percent iron, sulfur, magnesium, or whatever else they chose to
add to the fertilizer. Fertilizer formulations can be adjusted and
applied according to the part of the plant you plan on eating.
Leafy greens need more forms of nitrogen (N). Roots and fruits
prefer the phosphorus (P) or fertilizer bags higher in the second
number. All plants use forms of potassium (K) because it helps
with water resource management in the plant and increases leaf
water holding capacity in times of drought.
If this article has inspired a sense of self-sufficiency in you and
you want to get started on your own garden adventures, Bloom
Horticulture Specialists are here to help. We have been
training and facilitating the art of food for many years.
Please let us know how we can help you build a more
secure community around food simply by training you in
your own system. If you would like to hear more about
our initiatives in food security and community
agriculture development, please email us for a
free brochure at www.bloomhorticulture.com or
Related Posts
